Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships
Adopted to contain air pollution from ships emission
Entry into force
19 May 2005
Principal focus areas
I. Regulation 12: Ozone-depleting substances(ODS)
II. Regulation 13: Nitrogen Oxides(NOx)
III. Regulation 14: Sulphur Oxides(SOx)
IV. Regulation 15: Volatile Organic Compounds(VOC)
V. Regulation 16: Shipboard incineration
VI. Regulation 18: Fuel Oil Quality
VII. A chapter adopted in 2011 covers mandatory technical and operational energy efficiency measures aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions from ships.
Annex VI – Regulation 12
Regulation 12 deals with:
I. The use of Ozone-depleting substances.
II. Prohibits any deliberate emissions of ozone-depleting substances.
III. Controls deliberate emissions include emissions occurring in the course of maintaining,servicing,repairing or disposing of systems or equipment.
IV. Prohibits new installations containing ozone-depleting substances on all ships.
New installations containing hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are permitted until 1 January 2020 (deadline already expired).
The substances referred to in this regulation,and equipment containing such substances,shall be delivered to appropriate reception facilities when removed from ships.
Annex VI- Regulation 13
Regulation 13 deals with Nitrogen oxides (NOx).
This regulation shall apply to:
I. Each diesel engine with a power output of more than 130 kW which is installed on a ship constructed on or after 1 January 2000;and
II. Each diesel engine with a power output of more than 130 kW which undergoes a major conversion on or after 1 January 2000.
Exemptions
emergency diesel engines,engines installed in lifeboats and any device or equipment intended to be used solely in case of emergency
NOx Technical Code 2008
Regulation 13 introduces NOx Technical Code 2008.
This code entered into force on 1st July 2010.
Important functions of the code are:
I. Defines NOx emission limit for an engine.
II. Identifies engine components affecting NOx emission.
III. Specify testing,survey & certification of marine diesel engines to ensure NOx emission compliance.
VI. Defines record keeping of adjustment & replacement of NOx components.
NOx Control
There are 3 tiers of NOx control:
Tier I ,Tier II & Tier III
Tier I
Applicable to:
ships constructed on or after 1 January 2000 or have undergone a major engine conversion on or after that date.
Emission Limits:
I. 17.0 g/kw·h ,when n < 130
II. 45.0 x n(-0.2) g/kw·h when n > 130 , n< 2000
III. 9.8 g/kw·h ,when n > 2000
where n = rated engine speed (crankshaft revolutions per
Tier II
Applicable to:
ships constructed on or after 1st January 2011.
Emission Limits:
I. 14.4 g/kw·h ,when n < 130
II. 44.0 x n(-0.23) g/kw·h when n > 130 , n< 2000
III. 7.7 g/kW·h ,when n > 2000
where n = rated engine speed (crankshaft revolutions per
Tier III
Applicable to:
ships constructed on or after 1st January 2016 & plying in ECA.
Emission Limits:
I. 3.4 g/kw·h ,when n < 130
II. 9 x n(-0.2) g/kW·h when n > 130 ,n< 2000
III. 2 g/kW·h ,when n > 2000
where n = rated engine speed (crankshaft revolutions per
Regulation 13 – ECA
ECA stands for Emission Control Area.ECAs have been classified into two categories & applicable to a particular ship based on the ship’s construction year.
I. For ships constructed on or after 1st January 2016: Applicable ECA the North American ECA and the U.S. Caribbean Sea ECA
II. For ships constructed on or after 1st January 2021: Applicable ECA in addition to above, the Baltic Sea ECA & the North Sea ECA
Annex VI – Regulation 14
Controls emission of SOx & particulate materials from fuel combustion.
Applicable to emissions originated from main engine,auxiliary engines,boilers and inert gas generators on board.
Sets limit for Sulphur content in fuel to be consumed.
Or use of approved alternative means, such as EGCS.
Control of SOx emission
With a view to limiting SOx emission Regulation 14(Annex VI) sets limits for Sulphur content in the source which is the fuel it consumed for combustion.
Over the years a string of limits for Sulphur contents & associated deadlines have been set.
Further,Sulphur limits for the fuel allowable to be consumed in ECAs are far more stringent than that for outside ECAs.
Timeline – Sulphur limits for fuel outside ECA
I. 4.50% m/m prior to 1 January 2012
II. 3.50% m/m on and after 1 January 2012
III. 0.50% m/m on & after 1 January 2020(already in force)
Timeline – Sulphur limits for fuel in ECA:
I. 1.50% m/m prior to 1 July 2010
II. 1.00% m/m on and after 1 July 2010
III. 0.10% m/m on & after 1 January 2015 (already in force)
ECA(Emission Control Area) for SOx
I. Baltic Sea area
II. North Sea area
III. North American area
IV. United States Caribbean Sea area
Annex VI – Chapter 4 Energy Efficiency Regulations
Maritime Energy Efficiency is one of the key focus areas of IMO.
Chapter 4 under Annex VI contains a set of regulations to attain Energy Efficiency objectives.
Energy Efficiency measures are aimed at :
I. Reducing emission of Green Houses Gases(e.g. CO2,NOx etc.)
II. Reducing emission of other pollutants
III. Energy conservation
IV. Significant fuel cost saving
Annex VI – Chapter 4 EEDI
EEDI stands for Energy Efficiency Design Index.
EEDI calculates energy efficiency of a given type of vessel with respect to its transportation capacity.
It sets minimum required energy efficiency at the design stage for given vessel taking into account its capacity,speed,type etc.
It is derived working out a complex formula.Expressed in grams CO2/ tonne.nm
to put it simply, EEDI sets the maximum allowable CO2 emission in grams per capacity mile(tonne.nautical mile) at its design stage for a given vessel.The smaller the EEDI the more energy efficient ship design.It provides a specific figure for an individual ship design
EEDI phases
EEDI is applicable to new ships(post 1st Jan 2013) of 400 gross tonnage and above, employed in international voyages.
It’s phases are:
Phase 0 – 1st Jan 2013 – 31st Dec 2014
Phase 1 – 1st Jan 2015 – 31st Dec 2019
Phase 2 – 1st Jan 2020 – 31st Dec 2024
Phase 3 – 1st Jan 2025 onwards
Annex VI – Chapter 4 SEEMP
SEEMP stands for Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan.
Ships to develop SEEMP as per relevant MEPC guidelines.
SEEMP aims to introduce innovative energy efficiency strategies on board.And improving existing initiatives.
It’s mandatory for all ship above 5000 GT since 1st Jan 2013.
SEEMP is split into 2 parts:
Part I – Principally defines shipboard procedures & practices aimed at improving the energy efficiency & conservation.
Part II – Applicable for all ships above 5000 GT.It focuses on record-keeping & reporting fuel consumption.Under DCS (Data Collection System),it’s mandatory to report fuel consumption annually to administration since 2019.
-the end.